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Quantum Oscillator HoodieNEVER QUITE STILL | Pixelated Physics

Quantum Oscillator Hoodie – NEVER QUITE STILL | Pixelated Physics

Regular price $54.99 USD
Regular price Sale price $54.99 USD
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Color
Black
Size
S–5XL
Made
To order · shipping times

Put a quantum particle in a parabolic well, a mass on an ideal spring, and it can only have certain energies. The first six states of the quantum harmonic oscillator, |ψₙ|² drawn on their levels E = (n + ½)ħω. The lowest is not zero. Pixel-art unisex hoodie in black; equation, symbols and sources in the physics panel below.

Color
Size

Size guideS–5XL · inches

Details

Size & fitS–5XL

Unisex Heavy Blend hoodie (Gildan 18500), classic fit.

Unisex hoodie size chart, inches
SizeWidthLengthSleeve
S202733.5
M222834.5
L242935.5
XL263036.5
2XL283137.5
3XL303238.5
4XL323339.5
5XL343440.5

Measurements in inches. Width and length ±1 in, sleeve (from center back) ±0.75 in.

ShippingFree US

Free US shipping. $10 flat shipping outside the US.

Delivery times & where we ship

Returns & replacements21 days

Every item is printed to order, so we can’t accept returns or exchanges for change of mind, or if you ordered the wrong size or colour.

Print defect, misprint, damage or the wrong item? We’ll send a free replacement, or a refund if you prefer. Report it within 21 days of delivery with a photo; no need to send it back.

Full refund & replacement policy

The physics

Put a quantum particle in a parabolic well, a mass on an ideal spring, and it can only have certain energies.

They form an evenly spaced ladder, E = (n + ½)ħω. Werner Heisenberg found it in 1925 with his new matrix mechanics, and Schrödinger found it again from his wave equation a year later.

Each rung in the art is the probability density |ψₙ|² for n = 0 to 5, a Hermite polynomial times a Gaussian, drawn on its own energy level inside the parabola. Level n has n zeros where the particle is never found.

The lowest rung is not at zero. Confining the particle forces some momentum on it, by the uncertainty principle, so even the ground state keeps ½ħω.

Never quite still.

Equations

\[\hat H = \frac{\hat p^2}{2m} + \frac12 m\omega^2\hat x^2\]
\[E_n = \left(n+\tfrac12\right)\hbar\omega\]
\[\psi_n(\xi) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2^nn!\sqrt\pi}}\,H_n(\xi)\,e^{-\xi^2/2},\quad \xi = x\sqrt{m\omega/\hbar}\]
Symbols
SymbolMeaningUnit
\(\hat H\) Hamiltonian, the energy operator \(\mathrm{J}\)
\(\hat p, \hat x\) momentum and position operators \(\mathrm{kg·m/s, m}\)
\(m\) particle mass \(\mathrm{kg}\)
\(\omega\) angular frequency of the oscillator \(\mathrm{rad/s}\)
\(E_n\) energy of level n \(\mathrm{J}\)
\(\hbar\) reduced Planck constant \(\mathrm{J·s}\)
\(H_n\) Hermite polynomial of degree n \(\mathrm{1}\)
\(\xi\) dimensionless position \(\mathrm{1}\)

Sources

  1. Heisenberg (1925) Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen, Z. Phys. 33, 879 (opens in a new tab)
  2. Schrödinger (1926) Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem (Zweite Mitteilung), Ann. Phys. 79, 489
  3. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Sec. 2.3
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