Character codex

  • Airy Disk Hoodie

    Poder
    A circular aperture can't focus light to a point; diffraction turns a point of light into a bright central disk with faint rings.
    Equação
    \[I(x) = I_0\left(\frac{2J_1(x)}{x}\right)^2,\qquad x = \frac{\pi D\sin\theta}{\lambda}\]
    Ano
    1835
    Cientista
    George Biddell Airy
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Arnold's Cat

    Poder
    Each step stretches the picture in one direction and squeezes it in another, keeping its area, so the cat quickly turns to noise.
    Equação
    \[\Gamma:\ (x, y) \mapsto (x + y,\ x + 2y) \bmod 1\]
    Ano
    1968
    Cientista
    Vladimir Arnold
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Azurwake

    Poder
    A charged particle moving through a medium faster than light travels in that medium emits light in a cone, like a sonic boom.
    Equação
    \[\cos\theta = \frac{1}{n\beta}, \qquad \beta > \frac{1}{n}\]
    Ano
    1937
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Beats Hoodie

    Poder
    Two tones with nearly equal frequencies add up to a single tone at their average frequency whose loudness swells and fades.
    Equação
    \[x = \cos(2\pi f_1 t)+\cos(2\pi f_2 t) = 2\cos(\pi\Delta f\, t)\cos(2\pi\bar f\, t)\]
    Ano
    1863
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Bifurcation Hoodie

    Poder
    The logistic map is a single line of arithmetic, yet as r increases its long-term value splits into 2, 4, 8 values and then becomes chaotic.
    Equação
    \[x_{n+1} = r\,x_n(1-x_n)\]
    Ano
    1976
    Cientista
    Mitchell Feigenbaum
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Bifurcor

    Poder
    A magnetic field that changes with height pushes on an atom's magnetic moment.
    Equação
    \[F_z = \mu_z\,\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial z}\]
    Ano
    1922
    Área
    Quantum

  • Blackbody Hoodie

    Poder
    Planck's law gives how bright a blackbody shines at each wavelength for a given temperature.
    Equação
    \[B_\lambda(T) = \frac{2hc^2}{\lambda^5}\,\frac{1}{e^{hc/\lambda k_BT} - 1}\]
    Ano
    1901
    Cientista
    Max Planck
    Área
    Heat & Entropy

  • Bose-Einstein Condensate 1995 Tee

    Poder
    Cool atoms until their quantum waves are as wide as the spaces between them, and thousands of them fall into the same lowest-energy state and act as one.
    Equação
    \[\lambda_{\mathrm{dB}} = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2\pi m k_B T}}\]
    Ano
    1995
    Cientista
    Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle
    Área
    Quantum

  • Brachistochrone Hoodie

    Poder
    The fastest slide between two points under gravity is not a straight line but a cycloid, the curve traced by a point on a rolling wheel.
    Equação
    \[x = R(\theta - \sin\theta),\qquad y = R(1 - \cos\theta)\]
    Ano
    1696
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Bremsella

    Poder
    Any accelerating charge radiates.
    Equação
    \[P = \frac{q^2 a^2}{6\pi\varepsilon_0 c^3}\]
    Ano
    1897
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Brownian Motion Hoodie

    Poder
    A pollen grain in water is knocked around by countless molecules, so it wanders randomly with no memory of its previous step.
    Equação
    \[\langle r^2\rangle = 4Dt\quad\text{(2D)}\]
    Ano
    1905
    Cientista
    Albert Einstein
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Heat & Entropy

  • Casimira

    Poder
    Quantum vacuum fluctuations between two close, parallel, uncharged metal plates are restricted, so the plates are pulled together.
    Equação
    \[\frac{F}{A} = -\frac{\pi^2\hbar c}{240\,d^4}\]
    Ano
    1948
    Área
    Quantum

  • Catenary Hoodie

    Poder
    A chain hanging freely under its own weight takes the shape of a hyperbolic cosine, the catenary.
    Equação
    \[y = a\cosh(x/a)\]
    Ano
    1691
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Caustic Hoodie

    Poder
    Light reflecting off the inside of a cup gathers along a bright curve, a caustic, where many reflected rays bunch together.
    Equação
    \[x = \tfrac{R}{4}\left(3\cos t-\cos 3t\right)\]
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Chandrasekhar Limit Tee: 1.4 M☉

    Poder
    In a white dwarf, electrons refuse to share quantum states and push back, holding the star up.
    Equação
    \[M_{\mathrm{Ch}} = \frac{\omega_3^{0}\sqrt{3\pi}}{2}\left(\frac{\hbar c}{G}\right)^{3/2}\frac{1}{(\mu_e m_H)^{2}} \approx \frac{5.8\,M_\odot}{\mu_e^{2}}\]
    Ano
    1931
    Cientista
    Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Condensa

    Poder
    Below a critical temperature, a gas of bosons starts collecting in its lowest quantum state.
    Equação
    \[\frac{N_0}{N} = 1 - \left(\frac{T}{T_c}\right)^{3/2}\quad(T\le T_c)\]
    Ano
    1925
    Área
    Quantum

  • Corekeeper

    Poder
    Yukawa proposed that nucleons attract by exchanging a massive particle.
    Equação
    \[V(r) = -\frac{g^{2}}{4\pi}\frac{e^{-r/\lambda}}{r}, \qquad \lambda = \frac{\hbar}{m_\pi c}\]
    Ano
    1935
    Cientista
    Murray Gell-Mann, Richard Feynman
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Coriolix

    Poder
    In a rotating frame, moving objects appear to be pushed sideways by the Coriolis term, −2Ω × v.
    Equação
    \[\mathbf{a}' = -2\,\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times\mathbf{v}' - \boldsymbol{\Omega}\times(\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times\mathbf{r}')\]
    Ano
    1835
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Cryo Fault

    Poder
    Griffith showed that a crack grows when the elastic energy it releases is enough to pay for the new surface it creates.
    Equação
    \[\sigma_f = \sqrt{\frac{2E\gamma_s}{\pi a}}\]
    Ano
    1921
    Cientista
    Alan Arnold Griffith
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Heat & Entropy

  • Dark Matter Host

    Poder
    When two galaxy clusters collided in the Bullet Cluster, their hot gas slammed together and stalled, but bent background light shows most of the mass sailed on with the galaxies.
    Equação
    \[v(r)^{2} = \frac{G M(r)}{r} \;\Rightarrow\; M(r) = \frac{v^{2} r}{G}\]
    Ano
    1937
    Cientista
    Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Vera Rubin
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Decay Dancer

    Poder
    A free neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino, because one down quark turns into an up quark by emitting a W boson.
    Equação
    \[n \to p + e^{-} + \bar\nu_e\]
    Ano
    1934
    Cientista
    Enrico Fermi
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Decoherex

    Poder
    The off-diagonal terms in a density matrix carry the ability to interfere.
    Equação
    \[\rho_{01}(t) = \rho_{01}(0)\,e^{-t/\tau_D}\]
    Ano
    1970
    Cientista
    Wojciech Zurek
    Área
    Quantum

  • Diagonix

    Poder
    A polarizer passes the fraction cos²θ of already-polarized light.
    Equação
    \[I = I_0\cos^2\theta\]
    Ano
    1809
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Diffraction Hoodie

    Poder
    X-rays reflecting from successive planes of atoms in a crystal add up only when the extra path between planes is a whole number of wavelengths.
    Equação
    \[n\lambda = 2d\sin\theta\]
    Ano
    1913
    Cientista
    William Lawrence Bragg
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Double Pendulum Hoodie

    Poder
    Two pendulums hinged together follow exactly from one Lagrangian with no randomness at all.
    Equação
    \[L = ml^2\left[\dot\theta_1^2 + \tfrac12\dot\theta_2^2 + \dot\theta_1\dot\theta_2\cos(\theta_1-\theta_2)\right] + mgl\left(2\cos\theta_1 + \cos\theta_2\right)\]
    Ano
    1788
    Cientista
    Joseph-Louis Lagrange
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Double Slit Hoodie

    Poder
    Light from two slits interferes, giving bright stripes wherever the path difference is a whole number of wavelengths.
    Equação
    \[I(\theta) = I_0\cos^2\!\left(\frac{\pi d\sin\theta}{\lambda}\right)\mathrm{sinc}^2\!\left(\frac{\pi a\sin\theta}{\lambda}\right)\]
    Ano
    1804
    Cientista
    Thomas Young
    Área
    Quantum

  • Drum Mode Hoodie

    Poder
    A drumhead fixed at its rim can only vibrate in certain shapes, each a Bessel function in radius times a cosine in angle.
    Equação
    \[\nabla^2 u = \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial t^2}\]
    Ano
    1829
    Cientista
    Siméon Denis Poisson
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Einstein Ring Hoodie

    Poder
    A mass lying exactly between us and a distant source bends the source's light into a ring.
    Equação
    \[\beta = \theta - \frac{\theta_E^2}{\theta}\]
    Ano
    1936
    Cientista
    Albert Einstein
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Eventide Prophet

    Poder
    Hawking showed that black holes glow faintly, with a temperature that goes down as their mass goes up.
    Equação
    \[T_H = \frac{\hbar c^{3}}{8\pi G M k_B}\]
    Ano
    1975
    Cientista
    Jacob Bekenstein, Stephen Hawking
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Exclusor

    Poder
    Electrons are fermions, so their joint wavefunction must change sign when two are swapped.
    Equação
    \[\psi(x_1,x_2) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{vmatrix} \phi_a(x_1) & \phi_b(x_1) \\ \phi_a(x_2) & \phi_b(x_2) \end{vmatrix}\]
    Ano
    1925
    Cientista
    Wolfgang Pauli
    Área
    Quantum

  • Expulsieur

    Poder
    A superconductor expels magnetic field from its interior, which a merely perfect conductor would not do.
    Equação
    \[\mathbf{B}_{\text{inside}} = 0\]
    Ano
    1935
    Área
    Quantum

  • Feynman Diagram Hoodie

    Poder
    When an electron and positron annihilate into a muon pair through a virtual photon, quantum electrodynamics gives the angular pattern 1 + cos²θ.
    Equação
    \[\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega} = \frac{\alpha^2}{4s}\left(1+\cos^2\theta\right)\]
    Ano
    1949
    Cientista
    Richard Feynman
    Área
    Forces & Fields, Quantum

  • Field Lines Hoodie

    Poder
    Every electric charge produces a field pointing away from it if positive, or toward it if negative, weakening as one over distance squared.
    Equação
    \[\nabla\cdot\mathbf{E} = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0}\]
    Ano
    1785
    Cientista
    Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • ForceShift

    Poder
    A quantum particle facing a barrier higher than its energy has a small chance of appearing on the other side.
    Equação
    \[T \approx e^{-2\kappa L}, \qquad \kappa = \frac{\sqrt{2m(V_0 - E)}}{\hbar}\]
    Ano
    1928
    Cientista
    George Gamow
    Área
    Quantum

  • Foucault Hoodie

    Poder
    The swing plane of a Foucault pendulum appears to turn because the floor rotates with the Earth underneath it.
    Equação
    \[\Omega = \omega_\oplus\sin\phi\]
    Ano
    1851
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Graviton Whisper

    Poder
    Far from strong sources, Einstein's equations reduce to a wave equation: moving masses send out ripples in spacetime that travel at the speed of light.
    Equação
    \[\Box\,\bar h_{\mu\nu} = -\frac{16\pi G}{c^{4}}\,T_{\mu\nu}\]
    Ano
    1916
    Cientista
    Matvei Bronstein, Richard Feynman
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Gyrolla

    Poder
    A magnetic field bends a charged particle into a circle without changing its speed.
    Equação
    \[q v B = \frac{m v^2}{r} \;\Rightarrow\; r = \frac{m v}{q B}\]
    Ano
    1932
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Hadron Brawler

    Poder
    The Cornell potential describes the force between a heavy quark and antiquark: Coulomb-like at short range, with an extra term that grows steadily with distance.
    Equação
    \[V(r) = -\frac{4}{3}\frac{\alpha_s \hbar c}{r} + \sigma r\]
    Ano
    1975
    Cientista
    Murray Gell-Mann
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • I Twist Space Itself

    Poder
    Mass curves spacetime, so a ray of light passing the Sun follows a bent path.
    Equação
    \[\alpha = \frac{4GM}{c^{2}b}\]
    Ano
    1916
    Cientista
    Albert Einstein
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Interfera

    Poder
    When a particle can reach the screen by two paths, you add the amplitudes before squaring them, and the cross term creates bright and dark fringes.
    Equação
    \[P = \lvert\psi_1 + \psi_2\rvert^{2} = \lvert\psi_1\rvert^{2} + \lvert\psi_2\rvert^{2} + 2\,\mathrm{Re}\!\left(\psi_1^{*}\psi_2\right)\]
    Ano
    1976
    Cientista
    Richard Feynman, Thomas Young
    Área
    Quantum

  • Invertia

    Poder
    Temperature is defined by how entropy changes when you add energy.
    Equação
    \[\frac{1}{T} = \frac{\partial S}{\partial E} < 0\]
    Ano
    1951
    Área
    Heat & Entropy

  • Ising Model Hoodie

    Poder
    In the Ising model each spin points up or down and prefers to match its neighbours, while heat tries to scramble them.
    Equação
    \[H = -J\sum_{\langle ij\rangle} s_is_j,\qquad s_i = \pm1\]
    Ano
    1944
    Cientista
    Lars Onsager
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Heat & Entropy

  • Kepler Orbit Hoodie

    Poder
    A planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times, which is angular momentum conservation, so it moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun.
    Equação
    \[\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{L}{2m} = \text{const}\]
    Ano
    1609
    Cientista
    Johannes Kepler
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Lagrange Points Hoodie

    Poder
    In a frame rotating with two orbiting bodies, gravity and the centrifugal effect combine into one effective potential.
    Equação
    \[U = -\frac{1-\mu}{r_1} - \frac{\mu}{r_2} - \frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\]
    Ano
    1772
    Cientista
    Joseph-Louis Lagrange
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Lenzor

    Poder
    A changing magnetic flux induces a voltage, and the induced current always flows so as to oppose the change.
    Equação
    \[\mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}\]
    Ano
    1834
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Libratrix

    Poder
    Two bodies orbiting each other have five points where a small third body can keep pace with them.
    Equação
    \[r_{L2} \approx R\left(\frac{M_2}{3M_1}\right)^{1/3}\]
    Ano
    1772
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Light Cone Hoodie

    Poder
    In spacetime, light travels along a cone that separates events you could reach or be reached from (past and future) from those you can't (elsewhere).
    Equação
    \[ds^2 = c^2dt^2 - dx^2 - dy^2 - dz^2\]
    Ano
    1909
    Cientista
    Hermann Minkowski
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Lissajous Hoodie

    Poder
    Plotting one oscillation against another at right angles traces a Lissajous figure.
    Equação
    \[x = A\sin(3\omega t),\qquad y = B\sin(2\omega t + \pi/2)\]
    Ano
    1857
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Mach Cone Hoodie

    Poder
    An object moving faster than sound outruns its own sound waves, and they pile up into a cone.
    Equação
    \[\sin\mu = \frac{c}{v} = \frac{1}{M}\]
    Ano
    1887
    Cientista
    Ernst Mach
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Magnara

    Poder
    A spinning ball moving through air is pushed sideways, toward the side where its surface moves with the airflow.
    Equação
    \[\mathbf{F}_M = \alpha\,\boldsymbol{\omega}\times\mathbf{v}\]
    Ano
    1853
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Magnetic Dipole Hoodie

    Poder
    Magnetic field lines never start or stop, because there are no magnetic charges.
    Equação
    \[\nabla\cdot\mathbf{B} = 0\]
    Ano
    1865
    Cientista
    James Clerk Maxwell
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Magnetron Twins

    Poder
    The energy of two small magnets depends on both their distance and how they are oriented relative to the line joining them.
    Equação
    \[U = -\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi r^{3}}\left[3(\vec m_1\cdot\hat r)(\vec m_2\cdot\hat r) - \vec m_1\cdot\vec m_2\right]\]
    Ano
    1873
    Cientista
    James Clerk Maxwell
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Moderon

    Poder
    A neutron loses the largest share of its energy when it hits a nucleus of about its own mass.
    Equação
    \[\alpha = \left(\frac{A-1}{A+1}\right)^2\]
    Ano
    1935
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Muonaut

    Poder
    Muons made high in the atmosphere live only about two microseconds, too short to cross the atmosphere at face value.
    Equação
    \[\Delta t = \gamma\,\tau, \qquad L = \frac{L_0}{\gamma}\]
    Ano
    1941
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Neutrina Fade

    Poder
    A charged particle moving through water faster than light moves in water gives off a cone of blue Cherenkov light, at an angle set by its speed and the refractive index.
    Equação
    \[\cos\theta_C = \frac{1}{n\beta}\]
    Ano
    1937
    Cientista
    Enrico Fermi, Wolfgang Pauli
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Nodal Lines Hoodie

    Poder
    A vibrating plate obeys an equation in which its bending stiffness balances its inertia.
    Equação
    \[D\,\nabla^4 w = \rho h\,\omega^2 w,\qquad D = \frac{E h^3}{12(1-\nu^2)}\]
    Ano
    1850
    Cientista
    Ernst Chladni
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Null Beacon

    Poder
    In a universe whose expansion is speeding up, there is a largest distance from which light sent today can ever reach us: about 16.7 billion light-years.
    Equação
    \[d_{\text{EH}}(t) = a(t)\int_{t}^{\infty} \frac{c\,dt^{\prime}}{a(t^{\prime})}\]
    Ano
    1956
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Orbitick

    Poder
    GPS clocks feel weaker gravity than clocks on the ground, so they run fast, and their orbital speed makes them run slightly slow.
    Equação
    \[\frac{\Delta f}{f} \approx \frac{\Delta\Phi}{c^2} - \frac{v^2}{2c^2}\]
    Ano
    2003
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Oscillayne

    Poder
    A damped oscillator driven by a periodic force responds most strongly when the drive is close to its natural frequency.
    Equação
    \[\ddot x + \gamma\dot x + \omega_0^{2}x = \frac{F_0}{m}\cos\omega t\]
    Ano
    1877
    Cientista
    Galileo Galilei, Thomas Young
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Pendulum Phase Space Hoodie

    Poder
    In a pendulum's phase space, small swings trace closed loops, while fast motions go all the way over the top and keep spinning.
    Equação
    \[H = \frac{p^2}{2ml^2} - mgl\cos\theta\]
    Ano
    1834
    Cientista
    William Rowan Hamilton
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Pendulux

    Poder
    A pendulum keeps swinging in a fixed plane while the Earth turns beneath it.
    Equação
    \[\omega_{\text{prec}} = \Omega_\oplus \sin\varphi\]
    Ano
    1851
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Penrose Diagram Hoodie

    Poder
    A Penrose diagram squeezes an infinite spacetime onto a finite page while keeping light rays at 45 degrees.
    Equação
    \[ds^2 = -\left(1-\frac{2GM}{c^2r}\right)c^2dt^2 + \frac{dr^2}{1-\frac{2GM}{c^2r}} + r^2d\Omega^2\]
    Ano
    1916
    Cientista
    Roger Penrose
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Photon Sphere Hoodie

    Poder
    Near a black hole, gravity bends light so strongly that at one and a half times the event-horizon radius light can travel in a circle, the photon sphere.
    Equação
    \[\frac{d^2u}{d\phi^2} + u = \frac{3GM}{c^2}\,u^2,\qquad u = \frac{1}{r}\]
    Ano
    1916
    Cientista
    Karl Schwarzschild
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Plasma Drift

    Poder
    In a plasma, electrons that are pushed aside spring back and oscillate at the plasma frequency, which depends only on how dense they are.
    Equação
    \[\omega_p = \sqrt{\frac{n_e e^{2}}{\varepsilon_0 m_e}}\]
    Ano
    1929
    Cientista
    Irving Langmuir
    Área
    Heat & Entropy

  • Poincaré Section Hoodie

    Poder
    The Hénon–Heiles potential is a simple model of a star moving in a galaxy.
    Equação
    \[H = \tfrac12\left(p_x^2+p_y^2\right) + \tfrac12\left(x^2+y^2\right) + x^2y - \tfrac13y^3\]
    Ano
    1964
    Cientista
    Henri Poincaré
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Primordix

    Poder
    In the first minutes after the Big Bang, the ratio of neutrons to protons froze out at a small fixed value.
    Equação
    \[Y_p \simeq \frac{2\,(n/p)}{1 + n/p}\]
    Ano
    1966
    Área
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Probability Cloud Hoodie

    Poder
    The electron in hydrogen does not follow an orbit.
    Equação
    \[\psi_{nlm}(r,\theta,\phi) = R_{nl}(r)\,Y_l^m(\theta,\phi)\]
    Ano
    1926
    Cientista
    Erwin Schrödinger
    Área
    Quantum

  • Projectile Range Hoodie

    Poder
    Without air resistance, a projectile's range is v² sin 2θ / g, which is largest at 45 degrees.
    Equação
    \[R = \frac{v^2 \sin 2\theta}{g}\]
    Ano
    1638
    Área
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • QED Vertex Tee: Alpha Near 1/137

    Poder
    Every interaction between light and charged particles is built from one junction where a charged particle meets a photon.
    Equação
    \[-ie\gamma^{\mu}\]
    Ano
    1949
    Cientista
    Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Quantum Oscillator Hoodie

    Poder
    A quantum spring can only hold energy in equal steps of ħω, and its lowest level still carries half a step.
    Equação
    \[\hat H = \frac{\hat p^2}{2m} + \frac12 m\omega^2\hat x^2\]
    Ano
    1925
    Cientista
    Werner Heisenberg
    Área
    Quantum

  • Quarkbinders

    Poder
    Baryons such as the proton are built from three quarks with three different colour charges, combined so that the whole is colourless.
    Equação
    \[\lvert B\rangle \propto \varepsilon_{ijk}\,\lvert q^{i} q^{j} q^{k}\rangle\]
    Ano
    1973
    Cientista
    Hideki Yukawa, Murray Gell-Mann, Richard Feynman
    Área
    Forces & Fields

  • Quavo & Lia

    Poder
    In the singlet state, two spins always come out opposite when measured along the same axis, yet each one on its own is completely random.
    Equação
    \[\lvert\Psi^{-}\rangle = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\lvert\uparrow\downarrow\rangle - \lvert\downarrow\uparrow\rangle\right)\]
    Ano
    1935
    Cientista
    Albert Einstein, John Bell
    Área
    Quantum

  • Reflexia

    Poder
    The CHSH combination S adds up correlations measured with two settings on each side.
    Equação
    \[S = E(a,b) - E(a,b^{\prime}) + E(a^{\prime},b) + E(a^{\prime},b^{\prime})\]
    Ano
    1969
    Cientista
    John Bell
    Área
    Quantum

  • Refracta

    Poder
    Light takes the path between two points that takes the least time.
    Equação
    \[\frac{\sin\theta_1}{v_1} = \frac{\sin\theta_2}{v_2}\]
    Ano
    1662
    Área
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