Character codex

  • Airy Disk Hoodie

    Power
    A circular aperture can't focus light to a point; diffraction turns a point of light into a bright central disk with faint rings.
    Equation
    \[I(x) = I_0\left(\frac{2J_1(x)}{x}\right)^2,\qquad x = \frac{\pi D\sin\theta}{\lambda}\]
    Year
    1835
    Scientist
    George Biddell Airy
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Arnold's Cat

    Power
    Each step stretches the picture in one direction and squeezes it in another, keeping its area, so the cat quickly turns to noise.
    Equation
    \[\Gamma:\ (x, y) \mapsto (x + y,\ x + 2y) \bmod 1\]
    Year
    1968
    Scientist
    Vladimir Arnold
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Azurwake

    Power
    A charged particle moving through a medium faster than light travels in that medium emits light in a cone, like a sonic boom.
    Equation
    \[\cos\theta = \frac{1}{n\beta}, \qquad \beta > \frac{1}{n}\]
    Year
    1937
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Beats Hoodie

    Power
    Two tones with nearly equal frequencies add up to a single tone at their average frequency whose loudness swells and fades.
    Equation
    \[x = \cos(2\pi f_1 t)+\cos(2\pi f_2 t) = 2\cos(\pi\Delta f\, t)\cos(2\pi\bar f\, t)\]
    Year
    1863
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Bifurcation Hoodie

    Power
    The logistic map is a single line of arithmetic, yet as r increases its long-term value splits into 2, 4, 8 values and then becomes chaotic.
    Equation
    \[x_{n+1} = r\,x_n(1-x_n)\]
    Year
    1976
    Scientist
    Mitchell Feigenbaum
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Bifurcor

    Power
    A magnetic field that changes with height pushes on an atom's magnetic moment.
    Equation
    \[F_z = \mu_z\,\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial z}\]
    Year
    1922
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Blackbody Hoodie

    Power
    Planck's law gives how bright a blackbody shines at each wavelength for a given temperature.
    Equation
    \[B_\lambda(T) = \frac{2hc^2}{\lambda^5}\,\frac{1}{e^{hc/\lambda k_BT} - 1}\]
    Year
    1901
    Scientist
    Max Planck
    Domain
    Heat & Entropy

  • Bose-Einstein Condensate 1995 Tee

    Power
    Cool atoms until their quantum waves are as wide as the spaces between them, and thousands of them fall into the same lowest-energy state and act as one.
    Equation
    \[\lambda_{\mathrm{dB}} = \frac{h}{\sqrt{2\pi m k_B T}}\]
    Year
    1995
    Scientist
    Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Brachistochrone Hoodie

    Power
    The fastest slide between two points under gravity is not a straight line but a cycloid, the curve traced by a point on a rolling wheel.
    Equation
    \[x = R(\theta - \sin\theta),\qquad y = R(1 - \cos\theta)\]
    Year
    1696
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Bremsella

    Power
    Any accelerating charge radiates.
    Equation
    \[P = \frac{q^2 a^2}{6\pi\varepsilon_0 c^3}\]
    Year
    1897
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Brownian Motion Hoodie

    Power
    A pollen grain in water is knocked around by countless molecules, so it wanders randomly with no memory of its previous step.
    Equation
    \[\langle r^2\rangle = 4Dt\quad\text{(2D)}\]
    Year
    1905
    Scientist
    Albert Einstein
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Heat & Entropy

  • Casimira

    Power
    Quantum vacuum fluctuations between two close, parallel, uncharged metal plates are restricted, so the plates are pulled together.
    Equation
    \[\frac{F}{A} = -\frac{\pi^2\hbar c}{240\,d^4}\]
    Year
    1948
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Catenary Hoodie

    Power
    A chain hanging freely under its own weight takes the shape of a hyperbolic cosine, the catenary.
    Equation
    \[y = a\cosh(x/a)\]
    Year
    1691
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Caustic Hoodie

    Power
    Light reflecting off the inside of a cup gathers along a bright curve, a caustic, where many reflected rays bunch together.
    Equation
    \[x = \tfrac{R}{4}\left(3\cos t-\cos 3t\right)\]
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Chandrasekhar Limit Tee: 1.4 M☉

    Power
    In a white dwarf, electrons refuse to share quantum states and push back, holding the star up.
    Equation
    \[M_{\mathrm{Ch}} = \frac{\omega_3^{0}\sqrt{3\pi}}{2}\left(\frac{\hbar c}{G}\right)^{3/2}\frac{1}{(\mu_e m_H)^{2}} \approx \frac{5.8\,M_\odot}{\mu_e^{2}}\]
    Year
    1931
    Scientist
    Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Condensa

    Power
    Below a critical temperature, a gas of bosons starts collecting in its lowest quantum state.
    Equation
    \[\frac{N_0}{N} = 1 - \left(\frac{T}{T_c}\right)^{3/2}\quad(T\le T_c)\]
    Year
    1925
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Corekeeper

    Power
    Yukawa proposed that nucleons attract by exchanging a massive particle.
    Equation
    \[V(r) = -\frac{g^{2}}{4\pi}\frac{e^{-r/\lambda}}{r}, \qquad \lambda = \frac{\hbar}{m_\pi c}\]
    Year
    1935
    Scientist
    Murray Gell-Mann, Richard Feynman
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Coriolix

    Power
    In a rotating frame, moving objects appear to be pushed sideways by the Coriolis term, −2Ω × v.
    Equation
    \[\mathbf{a}' = -2\,\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times\mathbf{v}' - \boldsymbol{\Omega}\times(\boldsymbol{\Omega}\times\mathbf{r}')\]
    Year
    1835
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Cryo Fault

    Power
    Griffith showed that a crack grows when the elastic energy it releases is enough to pay for the new surface it creates.
    Equation
    \[\sigma_f = \sqrt{\frac{2E\gamma_s}{\pi a}}\]
    Year
    1921
    Scientist
    Alan Arnold Griffith
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Heat & Entropy

  • Dark Matter Host

    Power
    When two galaxy clusters collided in the Bullet Cluster, their hot gas slammed together and stalled, but bent background light shows most of the mass sailed on with the galaxies.
    Equation
    \[v(r)^{2} = \frac{G M(r)}{r} \;\Rightarrow\; M(r) = \frac{v^{2} r}{G}\]
    Year
    1937
    Scientist
    Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Vera Rubin
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Decay Dancer

    Power
    A free neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an antineutrino, because one down quark turns into an up quark by emitting a W boson.
    Equation
    \[n \to p + e^{-} + \bar\nu_e\]
    Year
    1934
    Scientist
    Enrico Fermi
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Decoherex

    Power
    The off-diagonal terms in a density matrix carry the ability to interfere.
    Equation
    \[\rho_{01}(t) = \rho_{01}(0)\,e^{-t/\tau_D}\]
    Year
    1970
    Scientist
    Wojciech Zurek
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Diagonix

    Power
    A polarizer passes the fraction cos²θ of already-polarized light.
    Equation
    \[I = I_0\cos^2\theta\]
    Year
    1809
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Diffraction Hoodie

    Power
    X-rays reflecting from successive planes of atoms in a crystal add up only when the extra path between planes is a whole number of wavelengths.
    Equation
    \[n\lambda = 2d\sin\theta\]
    Year
    1913
    Scientist
    William Lawrence Bragg
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Double Pendulum Hoodie

    Power
    Two pendulums hinged together follow exactly from one Lagrangian with no randomness at all.
    Equation
    \[L = ml^2\left[\dot\theta_1^2 + \tfrac12\dot\theta_2^2 + \dot\theta_1\dot\theta_2\cos(\theta_1-\theta_2)\right] + mgl\left(2\cos\theta_1 + \cos\theta_2\right)\]
    Year
    1788
    Scientist
    Joseph-Louis Lagrange
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Double Slit Hoodie

    Power
    Light from two slits interferes, giving bright stripes wherever the path difference is a whole number of wavelengths.
    Equation
    \[I(\theta) = I_0\cos^2\!\left(\frac{\pi d\sin\theta}{\lambda}\right)\mathrm{sinc}^2\!\left(\frac{\pi a\sin\theta}{\lambda}\right)\]
    Year
    1804
    Scientist
    Thomas Young
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Drum Mode Hoodie

    Power
    A drumhead fixed at its rim can only vibrate in certain shapes, each a Bessel function in radius times a cosine in angle.
    Equation
    \[\nabla^2 u = \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial t^2}\]
    Year
    1829
    Scientist
    Siméon Denis Poisson
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Einstein Ring Hoodie

    Power
    A mass lying exactly between us and a distant source bends the source's light into a ring.
    Equation
    \[\beta = \theta - \frac{\theta_E^2}{\theta}\]
    Year
    1936
    Scientist
    Albert Einstein
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Eventide Prophet

    Power
    Hawking showed that black holes glow faintly, with a temperature that goes down as their mass goes up.
    Equation
    \[T_H = \frac{\hbar c^{3}}{8\pi G M k_B}\]
    Year
    1975
    Scientist
    Jacob Bekenstein, Stephen Hawking
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Exclusor

    Power
    Electrons are fermions, so their joint wavefunction must change sign when two are swapped.
    Equation
    \[\psi(x_1,x_2) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{vmatrix} \phi_a(x_1) & \phi_b(x_1) \\ \phi_a(x_2) & \phi_b(x_2) \end{vmatrix}\]
    Year
    1925
    Scientist
    Wolfgang Pauli
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Expulsieur

    Power
    A superconductor expels magnetic field from its interior, which a merely perfect conductor would not do.
    Equation
    \[\mathbf{B}_{\text{inside}} = 0\]
    Year
    1935
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Feynman Diagram Hoodie

    Power
    When an electron and positron annihilate into a muon pair through a virtual photon, quantum electrodynamics gives the angular pattern 1 + cos²θ.
    Equation
    \[\frac{d\sigma}{d\Omega} = \frac{\alpha^2}{4s}\left(1+\cos^2\theta\right)\]
    Year
    1949
    Scientist
    Richard Feynman
    Domain
    Forces & Fields, Quantum

  • Field Lines Hoodie

    Power
    Every electric charge produces a field pointing away from it if positive, or toward it if negative, weakening as one over distance squared.
    Equation
    \[\nabla\cdot\mathbf{E} = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0}\]
    Year
    1785
    Scientist
    Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • ForceShift

    Power
    A quantum particle facing a barrier higher than its energy has a small chance of appearing on the other side.
    Equation
    \[T \approx e^{-2\kappa L}, \qquad \kappa = \frac{\sqrt{2m(V_0 - E)}}{\hbar}\]
    Year
    1928
    Scientist
    George Gamow
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Foucault Hoodie

    Power
    The swing plane of a Foucault pendulum appears to turn because the floor rotates with the Earth underneath it.
    Equation
    \[\Omega = \omega_\oplus\sin\phi\]
    Year
    1851
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Graviton Whisper

    Power
    Far from strong sources, Einstein's equations reduce to a wave equation: moving masses send out ripples in spacetime that travel at the speed of light.
    Equation
    \[\Box\,\bar h_{\mu\nu} = -\frac{16\pi G}{c^{4}}\,T_{\mu\nu}\]
    Year
    1916
    Scientist
    Matvei Bronstein, Richard Feynman
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Gyrolla

    Power
    A magnetic field bends a charged particle into a circle without changing its speed.
    Equation
    \[q v B = \frac{m v^2}{r} \;\Rightarrow\; r = \frac{m v}{q B}\]
    Year
    1932
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Hadron Brawler

    Power
    The Cornell potential describes the force between a heavy quark and antiquark: Coulomb-like at short range, with an extra term that grows steadily with distance.
    Equation
    \[V(r) = -\frac{4}{3}\frac{\alpha_s \hbar c}{r} + \sigma r\]
    Year
    1975
    Scientist
    Murray Gell-Mann
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • I Twist Space Itself

    Power
    Mass curves spacetime, so a ray of light passing the Sun follows a bent path.
    Equation
    \[\alpha = \frac{4GM}{c^{2}b}\]
    Year
    1916
    Scientist
    Albert Einstein
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Interfera

    Power
    When a particle can reach the screen by two paths, you add the amplitudes before squaring them, and the cross term creates bright and dark fringes.
    Equation
    \[P = \lvert\psi_1 + \psi_2\rvert^{2} = \lvert\psi_1\rvert^{2} + \lvert\psi_2\rvert^{2} + 2\,\mathrm{Re}\!\left(\psi_1^{*}\psi_2\right)\]
    Year
    1976
    Scientist
    Richard Feynman, Thomas Young
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Invertia

    Power
    Temperature is defined by how entropy changes when you add energy.
    Equation
    \[\frac{1}{T} = \frac{\partial S}{\partial E} < 0\]
    Year
    1951
    Domain
    Heat & Entropy

  • Ising Model Hoodie

    Power
    In the Ising model each spin points up or down and prefers to match its neighbours, while heat tries to scramble them.
    Equation
    \[H = -J\sum_{\langle ij\rangle} s_is_j,\qquad s_i = \pm1\]
    Year
    1944
    Scientist
    Lars Onsager
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Heat & Entropy

  • Kepler Orbit Hoodie

    Power
    A planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times, which is angular momentum conservation, so it moves fastest when it is closest to the Sun.
    Equation
    \[\frac{dA}{dt} = \frac{L}{2m} = \text{const}\]
    Year
    1609
    Scientist
    Johannes Kepler
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Lagrange Points Hoodie

    Power
    In a frame rotating with two orbiting bodies, gravity and the centrifugal effect combine into one effective potential.
    Equation
    \[U = -\frac{1-\mu}{r_1} - \frac{\mu}{r_2} - \frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\]
    Year
    1772
    Scientist
    Joseph-Louis Lagrange
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Lenzor

    Power
    A changing magnetic flux induces a voltage, and the induced current always flows so as to oppose the change.
    Equation
    \[\mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}\]
    Year
    1834
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Libratrix

    Power
    Two bodies orbiting each other have five points where a small third body can keep pace with them.
    Equation
    \[r_{L2} \approx R\left(\frac{M_2}{3M_1}\right)^{1/3}\]
    Year
    1772
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Light Cone Hoodie

    Power
    In spacetime, light travels along a cone that separates events you could reach or be reached from (past and future) from those you can't (elsewhere).
    Equation
    \[ds^2 = c^2dt^2 - dx^2 - dy^2 - dz^2\]
    Year
    1909
    Scientist
    Hermann Minkowski
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Lissajous Hoodie

    Power
    Plotting one oscillation against another at right angles traces a Lissajous figure.
    Equation
    \[x = A\sin(3\omega t),\qquad y = B\sin(2\omega t + \pi/2)\]
    Year
    1857
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Mach Cone Hoodie

    Power
    An object moving faster than sound outruns its own sound waves, and they pile up into a cone.
    Equation
    \[\sin\mu = \frac{c}{v} = \frac{1}{M}\]
    Year
    1887
    Scientist
    Ernst Mach
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Magnara

    Power
    A spinning ball moving through air is pushed sideways, toward the side where its surface moves with the airflow.
    Equation
    \[\mathbf{F}_M = \alpha\,\boldsymbol{\omega}\times\mathbf{v}\]
    Year
    1853
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Magnetic Dipole Hoodie

    Power
    Magnetic field lines never start or stop, because there are no magnetic charges.
    Equation
    \[\nabla\cdot\mathbf{B} = 0\]
    Year
    1865
    Scientist
    James Clerk Maxwell
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Magnetron Twins

    Power
    The energy of two small magnets depends on both their distance and how they are oriented relative to the line joining them.
    Equation
    \[U = -\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi r^{3}}\left[3(\vec m_1\cdot\hat r)(\vec m_2\cdot\hat r) - \vec m_1\cdot\vec m_2\right]\]
    Year
    1873
    Scientist
    James Clerk Maxwell
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Moderon

    Power
    A neutron loses the largest share of its energy when it hits a nucleus of about its own mass.
    Equation
    \[\alpha = \left(\frac{A-1}{A+1}\right)^2\]
    Year
    1935
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Muonaut

    Power
    Muons made high in the atmosphere live only about two microseconds, too short to cross the atmosphere at face value.
    Equation
    \[\Delta t = \gamma\,\tau, \qquad L = \frac{L_0}{\gamma}\]
    Year
    1941
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Neutrina Fade

    Power
    A charged particle moving through water faster than light moves in water gives off a cone of blue Cherenkov light, at an angle set by its speed and the refractive index.
    Equation
    \[\cos\theta_C = \frac{1}{n\beta}\]
    Year
    1937
    Scientist
    Enrico Fermi, Wolfgang Pauli
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Nodal Lines Hoodie

    Power
    A vibrating plate obeys an equation in which its bending stiffness balances its inertia.
    Equation
    \[D\,\nabla^4 w = \rho h\,\omega^2 w,\qquad D = \frac{E h^3}{12(1-\nu^2)}\]
    Year
    1850
    Scientist
    Ernst Chladni
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Null Beacon

    Power
    In a universe whose expansion is speeding up, there is a largest distance from which light sent today can ever reach us: about 16.7 billion light-years.
    Equation
    \[d_{\text{EH}}(t) = a(t)\int_{t}^{\infty} \frac{c\,dt^{\prime}}{a(t^{\prime})}\]
    Year
    1956
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Orbitick

    Power
    GPS clocks feel weaker gravity than clocks on the ground, so they run fast, and their orbital speed makes them run slightly slow.
    Equation
    \[\frac{\Delta f}{f} \approx \frac{\Delta\Phi}{c^2} - \frac{v^2}{2c^2}\]
    Year
    2003
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Oscillayne

    Power
    A damped oscillator driven by a periodic force responds most strongly when the drive is close to its natural frequency.
    Equation
    \[\ddot x + \gamma\dot x + \omega_0^{2}x = \frac{F_0}{m}\cos\omega t\]
    Year
    1877
    Scientist
    Galileo Galilei, Thomas Young
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Pendulum Phase Space Hoodie

    Power
    In a pendulum's phase space, small swings trace closed loops, while fast motions go all the way over the top and keep spinning.
    Equation
    \[H = \frac{p^2}{2ml^2} - mgl\cos\theta\]
    Year
    1834
    Scientist
    William Rowan Hamilton
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Pendulux

    Power
    A pendulum keeps swinging in a fixed plane while the Earth turns beneath it.
    Equation
    \[\omega_{\text{prec}} = \Omega_\oplus \sin\varphi\]
    Year
    1851
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter, Forces & Fields

  • Penrose Diagram Hoodie

    Power
    A Penrose diagram squeezes an infinite spacetime onto a finite page while keeping light rays at 45 degrees.
    Equation
    \[ds^2 = -\left(1-\frac{2GM}{c^2r}\right)c^2dt^2 + \frac{dr^2}{1-\frac{2GM}{c^2r}} + r^2d\Omega^2\]
    Year
    1916
    Scientist
    Roger Penrose
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Photon Sphere Hoodie

    Power
    Near a black hole, gravity bends light so strongly that at one and a half times the event-horizon radius light can travel in a circle, the photon sphere.
    Equation
    \[\frac{d^2u}{d\phi^2} + u = \frac{3GM}{c^2}\,u^2,\qquad u = \frac{1}{r}\]
    Year
    1916
    Scientist
    Karl Schwarzschild
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Plasma Drift

    Power
    In a plasma, electrons that are pushed aside spring back and oscillate at the plasma frequency, which depends only on how dense they are.
    Equation
    \[\omega_p = \sqrt{\frac{n_e e^{2}}{\varepsilon_0 m_e}}\]
    Year
    1929
    Scientist
    Irving Langmuir
    Domain
    Heat & Entropy

  • Poincaré Section Hoodie

    Power
    The Hénon–Heiles potential is a simple model of a star moving in a galaxy.
    Equation
    \[H = \tfrac12\left(p_x^2+p_y^2\right) + \tfrac12\left(x^2+y^2\right) + x^2y - \tfrac13y^3\]
    Year
    1964
    Scientist
    Henri Poincaré
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • Primordix

    Power
    In the first minutes after the Big Bang, the ratio of neutrons to protons froze out at a small fixed value.
    Equation
    \[Y_p \simeq \frac{2\,(n/p)}{1 + n/p}\]
    Year
    1966
    Domain
    Relativity & Cosmos

  • Probability Cloud Hoodie

    Power
    The electron in hydrogen does not follow an orbit.
    Equation
    \[\psi_{nlm}(r,\theta,\phi) = R_{nl}(r)\,Y_l^m(\theta,\phi)\]
    Year
    1926
    Scientist
    Erwin Schrödinger
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Projectile Range Hoodie

    Power
    Without air resistance, a projectile's range is v² sin 2θ / g, which is largest at 45 degrees.
    Equation
    \[R = \frac{v^2 \sin 2\theta}{g}\]
    Year
    1638
    Domain
    Waves, Chaos & Matter

  • QED Vertex Tee: Alpha Near 1/137

    Power
    Every interaction between light and charged particles is built from one junction where a charged particle meets a photon.
    Equation
    \[-ie\gamma^{\mu}\]
    Year
    1949
    Scientist
    Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Quantum Oscillator Hoodie

    Power
    A quantum spring can only hold energy in equal steps of ħω, and its lowest level still carries half a step.
    Equation
    \[\hat H = \frac{\hat p^2}{2m} + \frac12 m\omega^2\hat x^2\]
    Year
    1925
    Scientist
    Werner Heisenberg
    Domain
    Quantum

  • Quarkbinders

    Power
    Baryons such as the proton are built from three quarks with three different colour charges, combined so that the whole is colourless.
    Equation
    \[\lvert B\rangle \propto \varepsilon_{ijk}\,\lvert q^{i} q^{j} q^{k}\rangle\]
    Year
    1973
    Scientist
    Hideki Yukawa, Murray Gell-Mann, Richard Feynman
    Domain
    Forces & Fields

  • Quavo & Lia

    Power
    In the singlet state, two spins always come out opposite when measured along the same axis, yet each one on its own is completely random.
    Equation
    \[\lvert\Psi^{-}\rangle = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\lvert\uparrow\downarrow\rangle - \lvert\downarrow\uparrow\rangle\right)\]
    Year
    1935
    Scientist
    Albert Einstein, John Bell
    Domain
    Quantum