Quantum, Relativity & Forces Explained | Pixelated Physics

3 articles

One glowing orb per step on a staircase beside many identical orbs piling into one bright pool

Fermions vs Bosons: What Is the Difference?

Every particle in nature is either a fermion or a boson. Fermions, like electrons and quarks, have half-integer spin and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Bosons, like photons, have integer...

Fermions vs Bosons: What Is the Difference?

Every particle in nature is either a fermion or a boson. Fermions, like electrons and quarks, have half-integer spin and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Bosons, like photons, have integer...

Fermions each alone in separate alcoves beside bosons piled together in one bright pool

What Is the Spin–Statistics Theorem?

The spin–statistics theorem ties a particle’s spin to the symmetry of its quantum state. Integer spin → bosons (symmetric); half-integer spin → fermions (antisymmetric). Fierz (1939) and Pauli (1940) made...

What Is the Spin–Statistics Theorem?

The spin–statistics theorem ties a particle’s spin to the symmetry of its quantum state. Integer spin → bosons (symmetric); half-integer spin → fermions (antisymmetric). Fierz (1939) and Pauli (1940) made...

A stone tower of alcoves, each holding one cyan and one magenta orb spinning opposite ways, with one extra orb left outside

Why Can’t Two Electrons Share the Same State? T...

No two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state. That single rule builds the periodic table, keeps matter from collapsing, and holds up dead stars. Here is how it...

Why Can’t Two Electrons Share the Same State? T...

No two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state. That single rule builds the periodic table, keeps matter from collapsing, and holds up dead stars. Here is how it...