Physics, Pixelated

A radio telescope dish on a mountain peak under a sky swirling with the mottled orange and blue glow of ancient light

What Is the Cosmic Microwave Background? The Ol...

Every direction you look, the sky glows faintly in microwaves at 2.725 kelvin. That glow is light released about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Here is how it formed,...

What Is the Cosmic Microwave Background? The Ol...

Every direction you look, the sky glows faintly in microwaves at 2.725 kelvin. That glow is light released about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Here is how it formed,...

Red, green and blue quarks bound by crackling flux tubes, one tube snapping in a flash that creates a new quark pair

What Are Gluons, and Why Can’t We See a Single ...

Every proton holds three quarks, yet no experiment has ever pulled a single quark free. The reason is the strange behaviour of gluons, the carriers of the strong force. Here...

What Are Gluons, and Why Can’t We See a Single ...

Every proton holds three quarks, yet no experiment has ever pulled a single quark free. The reason is the strange behaviour of gluons, the carriers of the strong force. Here...

A glowing ladder of energy levels under an aurora, with most of the bright orbs crowded on the top rungs

Can Temperature Be Negative? Negative Absolute ...

Physicists have made systems with negative absolute temperature since 1951. They are not colder than absolute zero; they are hotter than any positive temperature. Here is why, what was measured,...

Can Temperature Be Negative? Negative Absolute ...

Physicists have made systems with negative absolute temperature since 1951. They are not colder than absolute zero; they are hotter than any positive temperature. Here is why, what was measured,...

A cutaway copper pipe with a magnet drifting slowly down inside, wrapped in glowing orange eddy-current loops

Why Does a Magnet Fall Slowly Through a Copper ...

Copper isn’t magnetic, yet a strong magnet dropped down a copper pipe falls in slow motion. The reason is Lenz’s law: the currents the moving magnet induces always push back...

Why Does a Magnet Fall Slowly Through a Copper ...

Copper isn’t magnetic, yet a strong magnet dropped down a copper pipe falls in slow motion. The reason is Lenz’s law: the currents the moving magnet induces always push back...

An open book being torn into glowing pixel fragments as it falls into a black hole's fiery accretion disk

What Is the Black Hole Information Paradox? Whe...

If black holes evaporate into featureless heat, what happens to everything that fell in? Here is Hawking’s paradox, the Page curve that turned it into a calculation, the recent “island”...

What Is the Black Hole Information Paradox? Whe...

If black holes evaporate into featureless heat, what happens to everything that fell in? Here is Hawking’s paradox, the Page curve that turned it into a calculation, the recent “island”...

A glowing cyan electron spinning in deep space, wrapped in looping twisted ribbons of light

Why Do Electrons Have Spin ½? What Spin Is, and...

Electrons carry an intrinsic angular momentum of ½ in units of ħ. It splits beams of atoms in two, makes electrons need two full turns to come back to themselves,...

Why Do Electrons Have Spin ½? What Spin Is, and...

Electrons carry an intrinsic angular momentum of ½ in units of ħ. It splits beams of atoms in two, makes electrons need two full turns to come back to themselves,...