Quantum, Relativity & Forces Explained | Pixelated Physics

20 articles

Observatory on a ridge beneath a great spiral galaxy, its outer stars streaking fast

Vera Rubin and Rotation Curves: What She Measur...

Vera Rubin and W. Kent Ford’s 1970 Andromeda survey mapped how orbital speed changes with radius. Outer stars move too fast for the visible mass alone. Whether that means dark...

Vera Rubin and Rotation Curves: What She Measur...

Vera Rubin and W. Kent Ford’s 1970 Andromeda survey mapped how orbital speed changes with radius. Outer stars move too fast for the visible mass alone. Whether that means dark...

Coil and magnet, a crackling AC motor and arcs of field lines in a Victorian laboratory

Faraday, Maxwell and Tesla: Who Did What in Ele...

Electromagnetism was not one inventor’s story. Faraday made induction a laboratory fact, Maxwell turned fields into equations that predicted light, and Tesla patented a practical AC motor. Here is who...

Faraday, Maxwell and Tesla: Who Did What in Ele...

Electromagnetism was not one inventor’s story. Faraday made induction a laboratory fact, Maxwell turned fields into equations that predicted light, and Tesla patented a practical AC motor. Here is who...

Black hole with faint Hawking radiation drifting away over a dark plain

Stephen Hawking: What Did He Predict, and What ...

Hawking’s 1974 prediction that black holes radiate is central theoretical physics — and still unobserved in astrophysical black holes. Analogue experiments are not detections. The information paradox is open. Penrose’s...

Stephen Hawking: What Did He Predict, and What ...

Hawking’s 1974 prediction that black holes radiate is central theoretical physics — and still unobserved in astrophysical black holes. Analogue experiments are not detections. The information paradox is open. Penrose’s...

A glowing atom with orbit rings above a study of old books, with packets of light flying out from a glowing ember

Who Started Quantum Mechanics? Planck, Bohr and...

Quantum theory did not begin with one paper. Planck quantized energy in 1900, Bohr quantized the atom in 1913, and Heisenberg’s 1925 matrix mechanics plus the 1927 uncertainty relation made...

Who Started Quantum Mechanics? Planck, Bohr and...

Quantum theory did not begin with one paper. Planck quantized energy in 1900, Bohr quantized the atom in 1913, and Heisenberg’s 1925 matrix mechanics plus the 1927 uncertainty relation made...

Observatory and prism splitting starlight into a spectrum with dark absorption lines

Did Cecilia Payne Discover What Stars Are Made Of?

Cecilia Payne’s 1925 thesis showed that stars differ mainly in temperature, not composition, and that hydrogen and helium vastly outnumber everything else. She then called that result “almost certainly not...

Did Cecilia Payne Discover What Stars Are Made Of?

Cecilia Payne’s 1925 thesis showed that stars differ mainly in temperature, not composition, and that hydrogen and helium vastly outnumber everything else. She then called that result “almost certainly not...

A dim museum hall of marble pedestals holding a rainbow star, a pulsar in a glass dome and a crystal, with one pedestal left empty

Who Really Discovered It? Credit, Myths and Mis...

Physics history is full of single names attached to shared work. Here are nine cases where the real story is more interesting, told from primary sources and without inventing heroes...

Who Really Discovered It? Credit, Myths and Mis...

Physics history is full of single names attached to shared work. Here are nine cases where the real story is more interesting, told from primary sources and without inventing heroes...