Physics, Pixelated

An open book being torn into glowing pixel fragments as it falls into a black hole's fiery accretion disk

What Is the Black Hole Information Paradox? Whe...

If black holes evaporate into featureless heat, what happens to everything that fell in? Here is Hawking’s paradox, the Page curve that turned it into a calculation, the recent “island”...

What Is the Black Hole Information Paradox? Whe...

If black holes evaporate into featureless heat, what happens to everything that fell in? Here is Hawking’s paradox, the Page curve that turned it into a calculation, the recent “island”...

A glowing cyan electron spinning in deep space, wrapped in looping twisted ribbons of light

Why Do Electrons Have Spin ½? What Spin Is, and...

Electrons carry an intrinsic angular momentum of ½ in units of ħ. It splits beams of atoms in two, makes electrons need two full turns to come back to themselves,...

Why Do Electrons Have Spin ½? What Spin Is, and...

Electrons carry an intrinsic angular momentum of ½ in units of ħ. It splits beams of atoms in two, makes electrons need two full turns to come back to themselves,...

A treasure vault where a heap of gold coins under a shaft of light has spilled into a disordered scatter across the floor

What Exactly Is Entropy? Boltzmann’s S = k log ...

Entropy is not really “disorder.” It is a count of how many microscopic arrangements look the same from outside. Here is Clausius’s version, Boltzmann’s formula, and why the count almost...

What Exactly Is Entropy? Boltzmann’s S = k log ...

Entropy is not really “disorder.” It is a count of how many microscopic arrangements look the same from outside. Here is Clausius’s version, Boltzmann’s formula, and why the count almost...

A satellite with solar panels orbiting above the night-side Earth, sending signal beams down to glowing city lights at sunrise

How Does GPS Correct for Relativity? The 38 Mic...

Every GPS fix depends on Einstein. Satellite clocks gain roughly 38 microseconds a day relative to the ground, and the system is built to cancel it. Here is where the...

How Does GPS Correct for Relativity? The 38 Mic...

Every GPS fix depends on Einstein. Satellite clocks gain roughly 38 microseconds a day relative to the ground, and the system is built to cancel it. Here is where the...

Double-slit wall with glowing particles and an interference pattern on the screen behind

Does Observing a Particle Really Change It? Wha...

“Observation changes reality” is the most quoted line in pop quantum physics, and the least precise. Here is what measurement really does to a particle, what has been tested, and...

Does Observing a Particle Really Change It? Wha...

“Observation changes reality” is the most quoted line in pop quantum physics, and the least precise. Here is what measurement really does to a particle, what has been tested, and...

A glowing copper coil on a stone table beside a compass and a horseshoe magnet, an electromagnetic wave flowing out into the dark

How Are Electricity and Magnetism Connected? Fr...

Two hundred years ago electricity and magnetism looked like separate curiosities. Then a compass needle twitched, and within fifty years they had become a single theory that also explained light.

How Are Electricity and Magnetism Connected? Fr...

Two hundred years ago electricity and magnetism looked like separate curiosities. Then a compass needle twitched, and within fifty years they had become a single theory that also explained light.