The Sodium Doublet
Plate 045 Physics Poster
Plate 45 speaks for itself: “Two yellows.”
The Physics
Sodium's yellow light is two close lines. Spin–orbit coupling splits the 3p level into 3p₃/₂ and 3p₁/₂, and the two drops to 3s give the D₂ and D₁ lines.
ΔE = hc (1/λ₂ − 1/λ₁)
- ΔE: fine-structure splitting, J
- h: Planck constant, J s
- c: speed of light, m s⁻¹
- λ₁, λ₂: D₁ and D₂ wavelengths, m
D₂ 588.995 nm, D₁ 589.592 nm (air). Two levels: 3p₃/₂ and 3p₁/₂. Splitting ≈ 2.1 meV.
Sources
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database (Na I).
On the poster
Plate 045, “The Sodium Doublet”: the pixel-art plate with its slogan “Two yellows.”, the key equation and the facts panel shown above. Pixelated Physics. Physics. Personified.
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Field notes
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