Quantum, Relativity & Forces Explained | Pixelated Physics
28 articles
The Bohr Model: How Hydrogen's Light Was Decoded
In 1913 Niels Bohr explained hydrogen's spectral lines with two bold rules. Here is how the Bohr model works, the numbers it gets exactly right, and the places where it...
The Bohr Model: How Hydrogen's Light Was Decoded
In 1913 Niels Bohr explained hydrogen's spectral lines with two bold rules. Here is how the Bohr model works, the numbers it gets exactly right, and the places where it...
Bose Statistics: How a 1924 Paper Changed Counting
In 1924 a physicist in Dhaka rederived Planck's radiation law by counting light quanta in a new way. Einstein translated the paper, extended it to atoms, and predicted a new...
Bose Statistics: How a 1924 Paper Changed Counting
In 1924 a physicist in Dhaka rederived Planck's radiation law by counting light quanta in a new way. Einstein translated the paper, extended it to atoms, and predicted a new...
Planck's 1900 Quantum Hypothesis, Step by Step
In late 1900 Max Planck found the formula for black-body radiation and then, to justify it, split energy into chunks of size hν. Here is the sequence of events, the...
Planck's 1900 Quantum Hypothesis, Step by Step
In late 1900 Max Planck found the formula for black-body radiation and then, to justify it, split energy into chunks of size hν. Here is the sequence of events, the...
Fermions vs Bosons: What Is the Difference?
Every particle in nature is either a fermion or a boson. Fermions, like electrons and quarks, have half-integer spin and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Bosons, like photons, have integer...
Fermions vs Bosons: What Is the Difference?
Every particle in nature is either a fermion or a boson. Fermions, like electrons and quarks, have half-integer spin and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Bosons, like photons, have integer...
What Is the Born Rule, and Why Is Probability |...
Quantum mechanics describes a particle with a wavefunction ψ, but experiments record definite clicks. The Born rule is the bridge: the probability of finding the particle is the squared magnitude...
What Is the Born Rule, and Why Is Probability |...
Quantum mechanics describes a particle with a wavefunction ψ, but experiments record definite clicks. The Born rule is the bridge: the probability of finding the particle is the squared magnitude...
Why Does the Periodic Table Have the Shape It D...
The periodic table is not a random grid. Its rows hold 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements because electrons fill shells and subshells, and the Pauli exclusion...
Why Does the Periodic Table Have the Shape It D...
The periodic table is not a random grid. Its rows hold 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32 and 32 elements because electrons fill shells and subshells, and the Pauli exclusion...