{"product_id":"seisma-the-gutenberg-richter-law-physics-t-shirt","title":"Seisma – The Gutenberg–Richter Law Physics T-Shirt","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeisma strikes the fault line and sends out a staircase of cracks: many small ones, few large ones, each step rarer than the last.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Physics\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeno Gutenberg and Charles Richter found in 1944, for California earthquakes, that the number of quakes at or above a magnitude falls off exponentially with magnitude. The constant a sets a region's overall activity; the slope b is typically close to 1, so each step up in magnitude is about ten times rarer.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elog₁₀ N = a − bM\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eN: number of quakes of magnitude M or more\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eM: magnitude\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ea: regional activity constant\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eb: slope, usually near 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGutenberg \u0026amp; Richter, “Frequency of earthquakes in California”, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 34, 185 (1944).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHonest caveat:\u003c\/em\u003e b is not universal: about 0.8–1.2 is a common range for tectonic quakes, and volcanic or induced swarms can differ more. The power law is often linked to self-organised criticality, but that is debated.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOn the shirt\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFront: Seisma, the pixel-art character, with “TEN TIMES RARER”. Back: the Gutenberg–Richter law, the ten-times-rarer rule, the regional range of b and the 1944 paper. Printed on a unisex tee.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Printify","offers":[{"title":"S \/ White","offer_id":50960517857383,"sku":"31217424954754900830","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"S \/ Black","offer_id":50960517890151,"sku":"11352528315409988631","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M \/ White","offer_id":50960517922919,"sku":"33103235334297491077","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M \/ Black","offer_id":50960517955687,"sku":"83510358973138902479","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"L \/ White","offer_id":50960517988455,"sku":"18016861697705583615","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"L \/ Black","offer_id":50960518021223,"sku":"13005315029907797777","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"XL \/ White","offer_id":50960518053991,"sku":"28528609234868546601","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"XL \/ Black","offer_id":50960518086759,"sku":"16306367437656593971","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2XL \/ White","offer_id":50960518119527,"sku":"22201210310336536471","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2XL \/ Black","offer_id":50960518152295,"sku":"21723775413374385812","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3XL \/ White","offer_id":50960518185063,"sku":"15856118624807847054","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3XL \/ Black","offer_id":50960518217831,"sku":"95355155628076111130","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4XL \/ White","offer_id":50960518250599,"sku":"29996742741226748186","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4XL \/ Black","offer_id":50960518283367,"sku":"21109541054910465956","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5XL \/ White","offer_id":50960518316135,"sku":"71107748992577640143","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5XL \/ Black","offer_id":50960518348903,"sku":"46352966512695291374","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/8746\/9159\/files\/gutenberg-richter_front_16_white.png?v=1793625710","url":"https:\/\/pixelatedphysics.com\/pt\/products\/seisma-the-gutenberg-richter-law-physics-t-shirt","provider":"Pixelated Physics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}