{"product_id":"sonara-sonoluminescence-physics-t-shirt","title":"Sonara – Sonoluminescence Physics T-Shirt","description":"\u003cp\u003eSonara traps a single bubble in sound, and on every squeeze it flashes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Physics\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eA gas bubble held in water by a strong sound wave swells and then collapses violently, giving off a flash of light lasting 60–250 picoseconds, once per sound cycle. The bubble's radius follows the Rayleigh–Plesset equation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR R̈ + (3\/2) Ṙ² = (1\/ρ) [p_g − P₀ − P(t) − 4μṘ\/R − 2σ\/R]\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eρ: liquid density (kg\/m³)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eR: bubble radius (m)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eṘ, R̈: wall speed (m\/s) and acceleration (m\/s²)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ep_g: gas pressure in the bubble (Pa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eP₀: ambient pressure (Pa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eP(t): acoustic drive pressure (Pa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eσ: surface tension (N\/m)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eμ: liquid viscosity (Pa·s)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGaitan et al. first trapped a single sonoluminescing bubble in 1992; Gompf et al. (1997) measured flash widths from about 60 ps to over 250 ps.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHonest caveat:\u003c\/em\u003e How the light is made is still debated, and the bubble does not have a single agreed temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOn the shirt\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFront: Sonara, the pixel-art character, with the title. Back: the Rayleigh–Plesset equation, the flash duration, one flash per cycle and the 1992 and 1997 sources. Printed on a unisex tee.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Printify","offers":[{"title":"S \/ White","offer_id":50936565923943,"sku":"27207090974570922298","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"S \/ Black","offer_id":50936565956711,"sku":"23480138378215471746","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M \/ White","offer_id":50936565989479,"sku":"28639668469350438614","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M \/ Black","offer_id":50936566022247,"sku":"15128048378970102047","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"L \/ White","offer_id":50936566055015,"sku":"20236027344393375130","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"L \/ Black","offer_id":50936566087783,"sku":"33273936426950274904","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"XL \/ White","offer_id":50936566120551,"sku":"15346427713641246996","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936566153319,"sku":"86639780964503660072","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2XL \/ White","offer_id":50936566186087,"sku":"18693621445914451786","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936566218855,"sku":"14197810374693657465","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3XL \/ White","offer_id":50936566251623,"sku":"11212452421006372083","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936566284391,"sku":"14640619629886416671","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4XL \/ White","offer_id":50936566317159,"sku":"28286019049101669523","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936566349927,"sku":"30485074086043421408","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5XL \/ White","offer_id":50936566382695,"sku":"12026861439682345800","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936566415463,"sku":"85250795372917813116","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/8746\/9159\/files\/sonoluminescence_front_01_white.png?v=1793595538","url":"https:\/\/pixelatedphysics.com\/products\/sonara-sonoluminescence-physics-t-shirt","provider":"Pixelated Physics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}