{"product_id":"axona-the-hodgkin-huxley-spike-physics-t-shirt","title":"Axona – The Hodgkin–Huxley Spike Physics T-Shirt","description":"\u003cp\u003eAxona's squid armour carries a tentacle axon, and when she fires, a spike of light travels down it.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Physics\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eHodgkin and Huxley explained the nerve impulse of the squid giant axon with a circuit: the membrane's capacitance in parallel with sodium, potassium and leak conductances. Sodium channels open fast and close more slowly; potassium opens with a delay. Their equations reproduced the shape of the action potential and its speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC_m dV\/dt = −ḡ_Na m³h (V − E_Na) − ḡ_K n⁴ (V − E_K) − g_L (V − E_L) + I\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eC_m: membrane capacitance (F)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eV: membrane voltage (V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003et: time (s)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eḡ_Na, ḡ_K, g_L: maximum sodium, potassium and leak conductances (S)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003em, h, n: gating variables (dimensionless, 0–1)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eE_Na, E_K, E_L: reversal potentials (V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI: applied current (A)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eA. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley published it in 1952; it predicted a conduction speed of 18.8 m\/s against 21.2 m\/s measured.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHonest caveat:\u003c\/em\u003e The tee uses the modern voltage convention (rest ≈ −65 mV, peak ≈ +40 mV), not the 1952 paper's original sign convention.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOn the shirt\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFront: Axona, the pixel-art character, with the title. Back: the membrane equation, the gating equation, the speed prediction, the modern convention note and the 1952 paper. Printed on a unisex tee.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Printify","offers":[{"title":"S \/ White","offer_id":50936627429479,"sku":"29112803974762458951","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"S \/ Black","offer_id":50936627462247,"sku":"10421474118953799839","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M \/ White","offer_id":50936627495015,"sku":"20951812952695870596","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M \/ Black","offer_id":50936627527783,"sku":"56893381781670309520","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"L \/ White","offer_id":50936627560551,"sku":"16807570835808195563","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"L \/ Black","offer_id":50936627593319,"sku":"16483004452968450354","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"XL \/ White","offer_id":50936627626087,"sku":"29002025267349596452","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936627658855,"sku":"89545451487835611003","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2XL \/ White","offer_id":50936627691623,"sku":"48104186471700472214","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936627724391,"sku":"25264087105660458259","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3XL \/ White","offer_id":50936627757159,"sku":"23951154878073325326","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936627789927,"sku":"22626007261982245023","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4XL \/ White","offer_id":50936627822695,"sku":"23850126022147567807","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936627855463,"sku":"23100686460880216712","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5XL \/ White","offer_id":50936627888231,"sku":"10544766833859954736","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5XL \/ Black","offer_id":50936627920999,"sku":"73902752582261942923","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/8746\/9159\/files\/hodgkin-huxley_front_02_white.png?v=1793595706","url":"https:\/\/pixelatedphysics.com\/products\/axona-the-hodgkin-huxley-spike-physics-t-shirt","provider":"Pixelated Physics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}