{"product_id":"nicolette-nicol-prism","title":"Nicolette – The Nicol Prism \/ n(o) \u003e 1.55 \u003e n(e) Physics Sticker","description":"\u003cp\u003eNicolette, an armoured guardian of light, raises a cut crystal and sends one clean beam out of it.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Physics\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1828 William Nicol of Edinburgh cut a calcite rhomb along a diagonal and cemented the halves back together with Canada balsam (Edinb. New Phil. J. 6, 83). Calcite splits light into an ordinary ray (n\u003csub\u003eo\u003c\/sub\u003e ≈ 1.658) and an extraordinary ray (n\u003csub\u003ee\u003c\/sub\u003e ≈ 1.486, along the slowest direction). Balsam sits between them at about 1.55. The ordinary ray, meeting the lower-index balsam at a steep angle, is totally internally reflected out of the side; the extraordinary ray passes. What leaves the end is linearly polarised.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en\u003csub\u003eo\u003c\/sub\u003e \u0026gt; n\u003csub\u003ebalsam\u003c\/sub\u003e \u0026gt; n\u003csub\u003ee\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003en\u003csub\u003eo\u003c\/sub\u003e: ordinary refractive index of calcite, ≈ 1.658\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003en\u003csub\u003ebalsam\u003c\/sub\u003e: Canada balsam, ≈ 1.55\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003en\u003csub\u003ee\u003c\/sub\u003e: extraordinary index, ≈ 1.486 (sodium light)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is a polariser by geometry, not an absorbing filter: the rejected ray is steered away, not soaked up.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHonest caveat:\u003c\/em\u003e The extraordinary index varies with direction between 1.486 and 1.658, and the prism only works over a limited cone of entry angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOn the sticker\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eNicolette holds up a glowing crystal with a single cyan beam leaving it. Printed text: \u003cstrong\u003eNICOLETTE\u003c\/strong\u003e with the line \u003cstrong\u003en(o) \u0026gt; 1.55 \u0026gt; n(e)\u003c\/strong\u003e. Pixel-art kiss-cut vinyl sticker, white, in 2″, 3″, 4″ and 6″ sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Printify","offers":[{"title":"2\" × 2\" \/ White","offer_id":50964051099751,"sku":"16596860171886141678","price":4.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3\" × 3\" \/ White","offer_id":50964051132519,"sku":"18317138480085467313","price":6.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4\" × 4\" \/ White","offer_id":50964051165287,"sku":"26678949350721839235","price":8.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"6\" × 6\" \/ White","offer_id":50964051198055,"sku":"15399218244725894835","price":11.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/8746\/9159\/files\/17049209586822466111_1200.jpg?v=1793658900","url":"https:\/\/pixelatedphysics.com\/ja\/products\/nicolette-nicol-prism","provider":"Pixelated Physics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}