{"product_id":"the-tunnelling-microscope-plate-038-physics-poster","title":"The Tunnelling Microscope – Plate 038 Physics Poster","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlate 38 speaks for itself: \u003cem\u003e“Ten times less current per tenth of a nanometre.”\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Physics\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eElectrons tunnel through the vacuum gap between a sharp tip and a surface. The current falls exponentially with the gap, so a tenth of a nanometre changes it about tenfold, giving atomic resolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI ∝ e^(−2κd),   κ = √(2 m_e φ) \/ ħ\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI: tunnelling current, A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eκ: decay constant, m⁻¹\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ed: tip–sample gap, m\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003em_e: electron mass, kg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eφ: work function (barrier height), J (quoted in eV)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eħ: reduced Planck constant, J s\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eφ = 4–5 eV: ×8 to ×10 per 0.1 nm. Binnig \u0026amp; Rohrer, IBM Zürich, 1981–82.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHonest caveat:\u003c\/em\u003e 'Ten times' is the round figure; for a 4 eV barrier the factor is nearer eight.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eSources\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eG. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, E. Weibel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 57 (1982).\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eOn the poster\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlate 038, “The Tunnelling Microscope”: the pixel-art plate with its slogan “Ten times less current per tenth of a nanometre.”, the key equation and the facts panel shown above. Pixelated Physics. Physics. Personified.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Printify","offers":[{"title":"9'' x 12\" (Vertical) \/ Matte","offer_id":50961911087207,"sku":"15990282537816130763","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"9'' x 12\" (Vertical) \/ Fine Art","offer_id":50961911119975,"sku":"96824161307430229623","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"9'' x 12\" (Vertical) \/ Semi Glossy","offer_id":50961911152743,"sku":"17367108440396785720","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"18″ x 24″ (Vertical) \/ Fine Art","offer_id":50961911185511,"sku":"11543410108927217284","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"18″ x 24″ (Vertical) \/ Semi Glossy","offer_id":50961911218279,"sku":"11595852879912277820","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"18″ x 24″ (Vertical) \/ Matte","offer_id":50961911251047,"sku":"13618662901287912523","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"36'' x 48\" (Vertical) \/ Matte","offer_id":50961911283815,"sku":"32791911723441838970","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"36'' x 48\" (Vertical) \/ Fine Art","offer_id":50961911316583,"sku":"12890245991801568066","price":119.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"36'' x 48\" (Vertical) \/ Semi Glossy","offer_id":50961911349351,"sku":"11075897163322600672","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0596\/8746\/9159\/files\/3473885845629750490_2048.jpg?v=1793633761","url":"https:\/\/pixelatedphysics.com\/es\/products\/the-tunnelling-microscope-plate-038-physics-poster","provider":"Pixelated Physics","version":"1.0","type":"link"}